环评与排污许可相互衔接和促进的思考

近年来,世界范围内的工业化和城市化进程明显加快,环境污染是全球性的危机。在我国的环保工作开展中,环境影响评价和排污许可是有效的环保工作手段,这两种手段的有效配合,分别从准入和运营的角度来实现了污染的有效控制,虽然环境影响评价在我国实施的时间非常长,但是,排污许可却是近年来才出现的,出现时间的不一致导致二者在衔接和促进的过程中面临着较大的困境。因此,针对这一情况,本文充分探析了环评和排污许可相互衔接和促进的策略。     

3D printing and controlled release of functional ripening surimi improved by nano starch-xylo-oligosaccharides: Chemical bonds and microstructure influences

To solve the problem of fast release, unsustainability of functional compounds in 3D printed surimi, nano scale of rice starch-xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) was prepared. Meanwhile, its characteristics and printing effects on surimi were determined. Results shown that the nano rice starch and XOS with ratio of 1:2.5 had good characteristics (particle size 444 nm, embedding rate 86%, stable particle size with Na⁺ and heating process). Moreover, it endowed surimi with antioxidant ability and prolonged the release of XOS in surimi during in vitro digestion, which might keep it for continuous release. Additionally, nano starch-XOS increased ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds by 78% and 58% respectively to enhance gel strength, texture of surimi. As well as it also could fill up gel network gaps to form denser structure, which increased self-supporting ability to improve printing effects. While excessive XOS (>1%) could wrap protein to inhibit gel formation to produce burs and pores of printed surimi-XOS, leading to the pores enlargement and collapse due to the enhancement of hydrophobic force and disulfide bonds after ripening. However, nano starch could aggregate XOS to delay the occurrence of collapse (>2% XOS content). Thus, nano starch-XOS could promote the application of functional surimi in 3D printing.     

基于强化学习的电力市场信息披露程度对市场成员交易行为影响研究

基于信息披露的主体框架，分析披露体系中具体的供需信息对于市场成员的引导作用。建立日前市场的双层竞价优化模型，采用强化学习的方法，通过市场中有无关键供求信息披露对于发电商报价预期的影响，推演模拟不同信息披露程度下发电商报价行为，然后从策略演化过程、策略偏离度以及策略收敛速度3个角度进行信息披露程度对市场成员交易行为影响的定量分析，验证市场供需信息的发布程度对于市场成员的引导作用，最后基于推演结果进行总结，并对我国信息披露的建设提出建议与思考。     

依托泊苷联合卡铂用于复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿的疗效与安全性

目的:探讨依托泊苷联合卡铂用于复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿的疗效与安全性。方法:选取浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院在2011年1月至2014年6月收治的72例复发性髓母细胞瘤患儿（3～15岁），随机分为CE组和对照组，每组36例，CE组采用依托泊苷＋卡铂给药方式化疗；对照组采用经典伊立替康＋替莫唑胺＋长春新碱方案化疗。比较两组患儿临床疗效、卡诺夫斯基健康状况量表（KPS）评分、儿科生活质量测定量表4.0（PedsQLTM4.0）评分、总生存期（OS）、无事件生存（EFS），记录患儿治疗期间药物不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后CE组和对照组完全缓解率（CR）分别为41.67%（15/36）和27.78%（10/36），总缓解率（OR）分别为94.44%（34/36）和77.78%（28/36），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗前KPS评分及PedsQLTM4.0评分无统计学差异（P＞0.05），治疗后CE组和对照组的KPS评分分别为（80±8）和（75±10）分，PedsQLTM4.0评分分别为（89±11）和（84±11）分，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。截至末次随访时间，CE组有3例失访，对照组有2例失访。截至末次随访时间，CE组和对照组总生存率分别为78.8%（26/33）和55.9%（19/34），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），无事件生存率分别为72.7%（24/33）和52.9%（18/34），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。CE组化疗期间共出现10例3级以上不良反应，发生率为27.78%（10/36），对照组化疗期间共出现9例3级以上不良反应，发生率为25.00%（9/36），差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:依托泊苷联合卡铂方案能够明显提高患儿临床缓解率，延长患儿总生存率，同时不增加化疗不良反应，但对无事件生存率的影响并不明显。     

生物电化学脱氮系统构建和影响因素的最新研究进展

生物电化学脱氮技术是一种以电化学活性细菌作为催化剂的污水处理技术，因其绿色、环保、节能的特点而备受关注。本文介绍了不同脱氮技术的机理，从脱氮性能、成本、二次污染大小和污染物转化率等角度对现有脱氮技术进行评价，指出了生物电化学脱氮技术的优势和应用前景；重点综述反应器运行参数、溶液组分、脱氮生物膜的培养方式、生物电化学脱氮系统内菌种构成等因素对生物电化学脱氮系统的影响，并提出了优化脱氮系统的方法；同时总结了生物电化学脱氮技术在处理屠宰场废水、焦化废水和含高氯酸盐废水等方面的应用现状。研究表明：从脱氮系统内不同微生物的角度，尤其是电活性微生物角度探究生物电化学脱氮过程的机理，调控脱氮生物膜的形成和改变脱氮系统运行参数，是改进生物电化学脱氮技术的有效途径。     

富平银沟遗址青瓷标本的类型学分析

富平银沟遗址位于陕西省渭南市富平县华朱乡东北部银沟村。经过为期两年的考古调查与勘探,在该地区发现和搜集了大量的精美陶瓷产品。其中青瓷产品占比最大,具有很高的研究价值。本文主要通过选取银沟地区青瓷器形较为完整,并具有典型代表性的青瓷标本进行类型学的整理分析。根据器形,青瓷标本可分为碗、盘、盒、钵、香炉、瓶、罐、壶等。通过与耀州窑典型青瓷器的器形与纹饰对比,从器物的类型学解析银沟遗址青瓷器的烧造年代时期。     

Mechanical and fracture investigation of magnesia refractories with acoustic emission-based method

In this study, the fracture behaviour of magnesia, magnesia chrome and magnesia spinel (MgAl₂O₄ and FeAl₂O₄) refractories under wedge splitting test are qualitatively and quantitatively investigated with the acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). First of all, the concepts of characteristic widths are proposed for estimating the brittleness of refractory materials according to the shape of load-displacement curve and validated by their good correlation with the characteristic length. Besides, the AE data are analyzed with AE parameter-based approaches and offer new insight into the fracture behaviour of refractory materials, including the classification of the cracking events in grains and in matrix, the distinction between the tensile mode and shear mode damage, and the visualization of the fracture process zone development. It confirms that the pre-existing micro-crack networks in refractories are favourable for the brittleness reduction, which enhance their nonlinear fracture behaviour and thermal shock resistance.     

轨腰仿生自分层防腐梯度涂料合成及影响因素和结构探究

目的仿荷藕结构及功能,制备一种自分层防腐涂料。方法合成聚氨酯改性环氧树脂(PU/EP)及氟硅改性丙烯酸树脂(氟硅改性PAA),将两种树脂共混形成自分层涂料。通过铅笔硬度测试、机械性能测试、接触角测试、耐老化测试、划格法附着力测试、电化学阻抗测试等,分别评价两种树脂比例、混合溶剂比例对涂膜自分层行为及性能的影响,并通过SEM-EDS、红外光谱等表征技术分析涂膜分层后的结构。结果当PU/EP∶氟硅改性PAA=1∶1时,接触角达到96.0°,柔韧性为0.5 mm,耐冲击为50 cm,附着力等级为1,失光率降至19%;乙酸丁酯(NBAC)∶正丁醇(NBA)=4∶6时,涂膜分层情况良好,接触角达到107.7°,浸泡水中48 h耐水性无变化,失光率降至17%。SEM-EDS、红外光谱分析表明,自分层涂膜上层为氟硅改性PAA、底层为PU/EP,中间存在过渡涂层,过渡层两种树脂中的─COOH、─OH、环氧基发生反应,使整个涂层更具稳定性。经由EIS分析,在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡40天后,腐蚀介质没有渗透涂膜到达基底金属界面。结论制备的轨腰仿生自分层涂膜的机械性能、附着力、疏水性、耐老化、防腐蚀性能优异,涂膜结构稳定。     

Transmission system restoration with co-optimization of repairs,load pickups,and generation dispatch

This paper studies the restoration of a transmission system after a significant disruption such as a natural disaster. It considers the co-optimization of repairs, load pickups, and generation dispatch to produce a sequencing of the repairs that minimizes the size of the blackout over time. The core of this process is a Restoration Ordering Problem (ROP), a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear program that is outside the capabilities of existing solver technologies. To address this computational barrier, the paper examines two approximations of the power flow equations: The DC model and the recently proposed LPAC model. Systematic, large-scale testing indicates that the DC model is not sufficiently accurate for solving the ROP. In contrast, the LPAC power flow model, which captures line losses, reactive power, and voltage magnitudes, is sufficiently accurate to obtain restoration plans that can be converted into AC-feasible power flows. An experimental study also suggests that the LPAC model provides a robust and appealing tradeoff between accuracy and computational performance for solving the ROP.